The global energy landscape is on the cusp of a significant shift, with ocean energy from currents emerging as a formidable contender in the clean energy race. As traditional energy sources strain under growing demand, the vast, untapped potential of the world’s oceans—covering around 70% of the planet’s surface—offers a compelling alternative. However, the marine energy sector is still in its infancy compared to established renewables like wind and solar. A groundbreaking study from Florida Atlantic University’s College of Engineering and Computer Science is set to accelerate this development, providing the most comprehensive global assessment of ocean current energy to date.
Leveraging over three decades of measured data from NOAA’s Global Drifter Program, the researchers have identified the most promising locations for ocean current energy projects. The study, published recently, reveals that the waters off Florida’s East coast and South Africa consistently exhibit high power densities, making them prime candidates for ocean energy generation. These regions boast power densities above 2,500 watts per square metre, a value 2.5 times more energy-dense than an ‘excellent’ wind energy resource. The relatively shallow waters in these areas further enhance their suitability for energy extraction using ocean current turbines.
The study’s lead author, Mahsan Sadoughipour, PhD, highlights the broader implications: “Our study revealed that about 75% of the total high-power density areas, covering around 490,000 square kilometres of the ocean, have energy levels between 500 and 1,000 watts per square metre. This suggests there’s a lot of potential for harvesting energy from ocean currents, especially in regions where power densities are moderate yet significant for sustainable energy production.”
The findings underscore the potential of ocean energy, with high power densities identified off the Southeast coast of the U.S. from Florida to North Carolina and along the Eastern and Southeastern coasts of Africa. However, the study also sheds light on the challenges that lie ahead. Regions like Japan and parts of South America, while showing promise, present more complex flow patterns and deeper waters, making energy extraction more demanding. James VanZwieten, PhD, a co-author of the study, emphasizes the need for advanced technologies: “The increased depth raises concerns about the cost and complexity of installation and maintenance, making it essential to develop specialised technologies for these challenging environments.”
Seasonal variations also play a crucial role in energy availability. The study found that higher power densities align with periods of increased energy demand, such as warmer months when air conditioning usage peaks. This seasonal alignment could make ocean current energy a reliable source of renewable energy, integrating seamlessly into the broader energy landscape.
The study’s findings are not just academic; they have real-world implications for the energy sector. By identifying the most feasible and economically viable locations for ocean current energy projects, the research paves the way for targeted investments and technological advancements. As the world seeks to diversify its energy mix and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, ocean energy could play a pivotal role. However, the path forward is not without obstacles. The study highlights the need for expanded data collection, particularly in regions like South Africa and parts of South America, to fully assess their energy potential.
Moreover, the challenges posed by deep-water locations and complex flow patterns necessitate innovative solutions. The energy sector must invest in research and development to create advanced mooring systems and turbine designs capable of withstanding the rigours of deep-sea environments. Collaboration between academia, industry, and government will be crucial in overcoming these hurdles and unlocking the full potential of ocean energy.
As the global energy demand continues to grow, the need for clean, sustainable energy sources has never been more urgent. The study from Florida Atlantic University offers a roadmap for harnessing the power of the oceans, challenging the status quo and sparking debate within the energy sector. The findings not only highlight the potential of ocean current energy but also underscore the need for continued research and innovation. The future of energy is not just about meeting demand; it’s about doing so sustainably and responsibly. Ocean energy, with its vast potential and unique challenges, is poised to play a significant role in shaping that future.
