In the realm of solar physics and space weather, a team of researchers led by Ian G. Richardson from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has been diligently studying solar energetic particle (SEP) events using data from the STEREO spacecraft. The team includes Tycho T. von Rosenvinge, O. Chris St. Cyr, David Lario, J. Grant Mitchell, and Eric R. Christian, all esteemed scientists in the field of heliophysics.
The twin STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory) spacecraft, launched in 2006, have been providing invaluable data on solar wind and energetic particle populations. The High Energy Telescopes (HETs) on board these spacecraft have been observing electrons and protons with energies ranging from 0.7-4 MeV and 13-100 MeV, respectively. The recent study, published in the journal Space Weather, summarizes observations of SEP events made by the STEREO HETs from the beginning of the mission through Solar Cycle 24 to December 2023, approaching the maximum of Solar Cycle 25.
The research updates a previous catalog of SEP events, including approximately 25 MeV protons observed by the STEREO HETs and/or instruments on spacecraft near Earth. The updated catalog now includes around 450 SEP events and a total of around 1000 separate observations of these events from various spacecraft locations. This extensive dataset provides unique insights into the propagation of energetic protons in the inner heliosphere and how the properties of the particle events are related to those of the associated solar eruptions.
For the energy sector, understanding SEP events is crucial as they can impact space-based assets and terrestrial infrastructure. Solar energetic particles can cause disruptions in satellite operations, which are integral to modern energy systems for communication, monitoring, and control. Additionally, these particles can induce geomagnetic disturbances that may affect power grids. The insights gained from this research can help improve space weather forecasting, enabling better preparedness and mitigation strategies for the energy industry.
The practical applications of this research extend to enhancing the resilience of space-based and ground-based energy infrastructure. By better understanding the behavior of solar energetic particles, the energy sector can develop more robust systems and protocols to protect against potential disruptions caused by space weather events. This proactive approach can ensure the reliability and stability of energy supply, which is vital for both economic and societal well-being.
In conclusion, the ongoing research by Richardson and his team provides valuable data and insights into solar energetic particle events, which are essential for the energy sector to mitigate potential risks and enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure. The updated catalog of SEP events offers a comprehensive resource for further studies and practical applications in space weather forecasting and energy management.
This article is based on research available at arXiv.