Researchers from the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, and the National University of Uzbekistan have delved into the complex world of black holes and gravitational waves, with a focus on a specific type of black hole known as the Einstein nonlinear Maxwell Yukawa (ENLMY) black hole. Their work, published in the journal Physical Review D, offers insights that could have implications for understanding the behavior of matter and energy in extreme environments, potentially aiding the energy sector in developing advanced technologies.
The team, led by Oreeda Shabbir and including Abubakir Shermatov, Bushra Majeed, Tehreem Zahra, Mubasher Jamil, and Javlon Rayimbaev, explored the gravitational wave emissions from particles orbiting ENLMY black holes. They used a Hamiltonian approach to calculate the particles’ equations of motion, which describe the paths these particles take as they are influenced by the black hole’s gravity.
The researchers analyzed the effective potential of these orbits to determine key points like the innermost stable circular orbit and the innermost bound circular orbit. These points are crucial as they define the boundaries within which particles can maintain stable orbits without being pulled into the black hole. The study found that the Yukawa screening parameter and the electric charge of the black hole significantly affect orbital stability and the energy required for these orbits.
The team also classified the periodic orbits, which are paths that particles follow repeatedly, by integer triplets and noted their characteristic “zoom whirl” behavior. This behavior describes how particles can zoom in close to the black hole and then whirl around it before zooming back out. Based on these orbits, they computed the corresponding gravitational wave signals in both polarizations, which are different orientations of the gravitational wave.
To constrain the parameters of the ENLMY black hole, the researchers performed Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulations. They applied these simulations to four microquasars and the galactic center within the relativistic precession model. Microquasars are smaller counterparts to quasars, which are extremely luminous active galactic nuclei. The galactic center refers to the rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy, which is believed to harbor a supermassive black hole.
The practical applications of this research for the energy sector could be significant. Understanding the behavior of matter and energy in the vicinity of black holes can provide insights into the fundamental laws of physics, which could lead to the development of new energy technologies. For instance, the study of gravitational waves and their sources can help in the development of advanced energy detection and harvesting technologies. Additionally, the constraints placed on the parameters of ENLMY black holes can aid in the development of more accurate models of black hole behavior, which could be useful in various energy-related applications, such as the study of nuclear fusion and the behavior of plasma in magnetic fields.
In summary, this research offers a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between particles and black holes, with potential implications for the energy sector. The study of gravitational waves and the behavior of matter in extreme environments can pave the way for innovative energy technologies and a better understanding of the fundamental laws of physics.
Source: Physical Review D, Volume 105, Issue 10, 2022
This article is based on research available at arXiv.