In a significant stride toward decarbonizing the energy sector, researchers have identified substantial opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in petroleum refining—a major contributor to global emissions. The study, led by Emilio Seijo-Bestilleiro of the Energy Engineering Research Group at the University of A Coruña in Spain, breaks down the refining process into key units to pinpoint where emissions can be cut, offering a roadmap for the industry to align with net-zero targets.
The research, published in the journal *Fuels*, reveals that refineries could slash their GHG emissions by up to 60% using technologies already available today. This reduction doesn’t require sweeping structural changes, making it a practical and immediate solution for an industry under pressure to clean up its act. “The key is to focus on electrification, residual heat recovery, and renewable hydrogen for desulfurization,” Seijo-Bestilleiro explains. “These measures are not only effective but also economically viable in the short term.”
The study categorizes refinery processes into combustion-based and non-combustion units, with the former—including crude and vacuum distillation, hydrogen production, coking, and fluid catalytic cracking—being the primary culprits for high emissions. By targeting these areas, refineries can make significant strides toward sustainability. The research also highlights the potential of digital twins—virtual replicas of physical processes—to optimize operations and further reduce emissions.
However, the path to full decarbonization isn’t without its challenges. While current technologies can achieve substantial reductions, achieving net-zero emissions will require the deployment of carbon capture technologies. “Carbon capture is essential for the final push toward net-zero,” Seijo-Bestilleiro notes. “But the good news is that the industry already has a clear path forward with existing solutions.”
The findings underscore the strategic role of refineries in the transition to low-carbon fuels. As the energy sector grapples with the need to balance economic viability with environmental responsibility, this research offers a compelling case for immediate action. By adopting these measures, refineries can not only reduce their environmental footprint but also position themselves as leaders in the shift toward a sustainable energy future.
The study’s implications extend beyond the refining industry, offering insights into how other energy-intensive sectors can approach decarbonization. As the world races to meet climate goals, this research provides a blueprint for turning ambition into action.