In a significant stride towards greener aviation, researchers have explored the feasibility of applying hybrid-electric propulsion (HEP) to large-cabin business aircraft, potentially revolutionizing the industry by 2040. The study, led by Ambar Sarup from the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, was recently published in the *International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles*.
The research addresses a critical gap in HEP research, focusing on aircraft with a range of at least 6297 km (3400 nautical miles) and a cruise speed of Mach 0.85. Sarup and his team developed a time-stepping simulation to analyze various phases of flight, including takeoff, climb, cruise, landing, and reserve segments. They evaluated turbofan, series, and parallel architectures, considering factors like range, specific air range, battery weight, volume, and energy consumption.
The findings reveal that while both series and parallel architectures can meet the range targets, the parallel architecture is more efficient due to its lower overall drivetrain weight. “The parallel HEP architecture enables the aircraft to fly a maximum distance of 7082 km (3824 nmi), with a 5% energy hybridization,” Sarup explains. “Over a typical 5556 km (3000 nmi) mission, this equates to fuel savings of 847 kg compared to a turbofan.”
For the energy sector, this research opens up new avenues for innovation and investment. The viability of HEP in large-cabin business aircraft hinges on battery technology reaching a specific energy density of at least 800 Wh/kg. This presents a clear target for battery developers and could drive significant advancements in energy storage technology.
The commercial impacts are substantial. Airlines and aircraft manufacturers could see reduced fuel costs and lower emissions, aligning with global sustainability goals. “This research not only advances our understanding of HEP but also paves the way for more sustainable aviation,” Sarup notes. “It’s a win-win for the environment and the industry.”
As the aviation industry looks towards a greener future, this study provides a roadmap for integrating hybrid-electric propulsion into large-cabin business aircraft. The findings could shape future developments in aircraft design, energy storage, and propulsion systems, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and efficient aviation sector.