In the rugged landscapes of Mount Oiti, Greece, a delicate dance between conservation and development is unfolding, with the Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) at the center of the stage. A recent study published in the journal “Discover Conservation” (translated from Greek as “Ανακάλυψη της Διατήρησης”) sheds light on the habitat use of this protected ungulate and the potential impacts of human disturbance and renewable energy projects.
Konstantinos Papakostas, a researcher from the Department of Biological Applications & Technology at the University of Ioannina, led the team that conducted seasonal surveys in 2023, collecting 652 occurrences of the Balkan chamois across a 156 km² study area. The findings reveal that the chamois exhibits limited seasonal movements, with its core habitats showing significant spatial overlap throughout the year. This suggests that the species has a strong affinity for certain areas, which it relies on consistently.
The study employed Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to identify suitable habitats, defining areas with suitability values of 0.6 or higher. These habitats covered just 12.2 km², with a striking 28% extending beyond the Natura 2000 network of protected areas. “This highlights the importance of expanding protected areas and wildlife refuges to ensure the survival of the species,” Papakostas emphasized.
The research also identified the key factors influencing habitat selection. The three most significant variables were related to human disturbance: proximity to livestock pens, roads, and hunting grounds. The chamois showed a strong avoidance of these areas, underscoring the impact of human activities on the species’ habitat use.
The study’s findings have significant implications for the energy sector, particularly for renewable energy projects. Three wind power stations are planned in the area, and if constructed, they could result in the loss of 17% of the chamois’ suitable habitat, potentially reducing its range. The impact of nine proposed small hydroelectric stations remains uncertain, but the study suggests that careful consideration is needed to avoid further habitat fragmentation.
Papakostas noted, “Our findings emphasize the need to avoid infrastructure and road construction in suitable chamois habitats. We must balance the need for renewable energy with the conservation of this protected species.”
The study’s insights could shape future developments in the field, prompting a more nuanced approach to renewable energy projects in sensitive habitats. By understanding the specific needs and behaviors of the Balkan chamois, developers and policymakers can make informed decisions that support both conservation efforts and sustainable energy goals.
As the world grapples with the dual challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, studies like this one offer a roadmap for navigating the complex interplay between human activities and wildlife conservation. The Balkan chamois, with its delicate habitat requirements and strong avoidance of human disturbance, serves as a poignant reminder of the need for careful planning and consideration in our pursuit of a sustainable future.