The energy sector is witnessing a bold exploration of long-distance electricity interconnectors, a development that could reshape global energy markets and accelerate the transition from fossil fuels. Developers are investigating the feasibility of connecting distant regions, such as Canada to the UK and Australia to Singapore, through cables that could extend more than 4,000km. These projects aim to leverage the growth of renewable energy and balance supply and demand across different time zones and weather conditions.
The Viking interconnector, a two-way electricity cable, commenced commercial operations at the end of 2023, marking a significant milestone in connecting Britain and Denmark’s electricity markets. Spanning 765km across land and sea, this joint venture between the UK’s National Grid and Denmark’s Energinet harnesses the varying weather patterns across the North Sea to optimise electricity trading. “The Viking Link is a testament to what can be achieved when countries collaborate on energy infrastructure,” said a spokesperson from National Grid.
However, these ambitious undertakings come with substantial price tags and complex challenges. They require significant investment, both public and private, and face risks such as stretched supply chains and potential sabotage. The SunCable-led AAPowerLink project, for instance, aims to transmit solar-generated electricity from Australia’s Northern Territory to Singapore, involving a 4,300km cable and a $26.4bn investment. Similarly, clean energy investment banker Laurent Segalen and interconnector developer Simon Ludlam are exploring a 4,000km cable linking North America and Europe. This could allow the UK to utilise Canada’s hydropower during its low-demand periods and vice versa.
Yet, the global demand for electrical equipment and protectionist policies are straining the supply chain, causing delays and uncertainties. Political tensions over the equitable benefits of interconnectors also pose a challenge, as seen in Norway’s debate over its energy exports. “The complexity of laying cables on the seabed adds another layer of difficulty,” highlighted Fiachra Ó Cléirigh, executive vice-president at the engineering consultancy Jacobs.
The UK Government’s refusal to back the Xlinks project, a proposed one-way cable from Morocco to the UK, underscores the inherent risks involved in such ventures. Despite these hurdles, proponents such as James Humfrey, CEO of the Morocco-UK Power Project, and Ludlam remain optimistic about the transformative potential of long-distance electricity cables for global energy collaboration and sustainability.
If successful, these projects could accelerate the transition from fossil fuels and forge new energy ties between economies. They could also drive innovation in energy storage and grid management technologies. However, the sector must address the challenges of investment, supply chain management, and political cooperation to realise this vision. The development of these long-distance interconnectors could redefine the energy landscape, fostering a more interconnected and sustainable global energy market.