In the rapidly evolving energy landscape, where renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly prevalent, the stability of power grids is facing unprecedented challenges. A recent study published in the journal *Power Technology*, led by LI Yalou of the China Electric Power Research Institute, sheds light on a promising solution: grid-forming energy storage (GFM-ES). This technology could be a game-changer for grid stability, particularly in systems with high renewable energy penetration and extensive use of power electronics.
The study highlights the unique characteristics of GFM-ES, distinguishing it from traditional grid-following energy storage systems. Unlike grid-following systems that merely follow the grid’s voltage and frequency, GFM-ES actively controls these parameters, providing both frequency regulation and voltage control. “GFM-ES can act as a virtual synchronous machine, offering inertia and damping to the grid,” explains LI Yalou. This capability is crucial for maintaining grid stability in the face of the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources.
The research delves into the various application scenarios of GFM-ES, including frequency support, voltage support, and even black start capabilities—where the system can restart itself without relying on external power sources. These features make GFM-ES an attractive option for modernizing power grids and ensuring their reliability.
One of the key insights from the study is the importance of stability in GFM converters. “The stability of GFM converters has a significant impact on the operational characteristics of energy storage units,” notes LI Yalou. The research emphasizes the need for further investigation into the causes of stability issues, parameter tuning, and the development of robust control and current limiting strategies.
Moreover, the study explores the optimal configuration of GFM-ES systems, balancing functionality, complexity, and cost. The authors suggest that hybrid configurations, combining grid-forming and grid-following energy storage, could offer a more flexible and efficient solution. “Coordination and interoperability between GFM-ES units should be strengthened,” LI Yalou advises, highlighting the need for technical test specifications and standards to promote their application in hybrid AC-DC grids and high-voltage transmission grids.
The implications of this research are far-reaching for the energy sector. As power grids continue to evolve, integrating more renewable energy sources and advanced power electronics, the need for stable and reliable energy storage solutions becomes paramount. GFM-ES technology offers a promising avenue for achieving this stability, potentially revolutionizing the way power grids are managed and operated.
In the quest for a more sustainable and resilient energy future, the insights provided by LI Yalou and their team could pave the way for innovative solutions that enhance grid stability and support the widespread adoption of renewable energy. As the energy sector continues to grapple with the challenges posed by the “double-high” power system, the findings from this study offer a beacon of hope and a roadmap for future developments in grid-forming energy storage.