In the rapidly evolving landscape of energy systems, the rise of microgrids and smart local energy systems (SLESs) is transforming how we think about power distribution and management. A recent review published in the journal *Applied Sciences* (formerly known as *Applied Sciences*) sheds light on the cutting-edge modeling and simulation tools that are crucial for designing and operating these complex systems. Led by Andrzej Ożadowicz from the Department of Power Electronics and Energy Control Systems at AGH University of Krakow, the research not only examines current methodologies but also explores a novel application: closed ecological systems (CES) and life support systems (LSSs).
The study highlights the growing importance of multi-domain integration, predictive control, and smart automation in SLESs. These systems, which link buildings with distributed energy resources and storage, require advanced tools to manage their increasing complexity and decentralization. “The key challenge is to ensure interoperability and efficiency in these systems,” Ożadowicz explains. “Our review identifies the most effective modeling environments and methods that can meet these demands.”
One of the most intriguing aspects of the research is its focus on CES and LSSs, which are fully or semi-isolated environments designed to sustain human life through autonomous recycling of air, water, and other resources. These systems, often associated with space exploration, present unique challenges and opportunities for SLES technologies. “The principles developed for building and energy systems, such as demand-side management and IoT-based monitoring, can be adapted to these isolated environments,” Ożadowicz notes. “This could lead to significant advancements in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications.”
The review also addresses the challenges of model integration, simulation scalability, and the bidirectional transfer of technologies between Earth-based and space systems. These insights are particularly relevant for the energy sector, as they pave the way for more sustainable, intelligent, and autonomous energy infrastructures.
The research concludes with a SWOT analysis and a roadmap for future research, offering a comprehensive guide for stakeholders in the energy sector. As the world moves towards more decentralized and resilient energy systems, the findings of this study could shape the development of next-generation technologies. “The potential for these systems to revolutionize energy management is immense,” Ożadowicz says. “By addressing the current challenges and leveraging the opportunities, we can create more efficient and sustainable energy solutions for the future.”
In an era where energy independence and sustainability are paramount, this research provides a timely and thought-provoking exploration of the tools and technologies that will drive the next wave of innovation in the energy sector.