In a groundbreaking study published in the journal *Nature Scientific Reports*, researchers have unveiled a novel approach to investigating quantum phase transitions (QPT) in nuclear structures, with potential implications for the energy sector. The study, led by M. Ghapanvari from the Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research School at the Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, employs entanglement entropy—a measure of quantum information—to explore these transitions within the framework of the Interacting Boson Model-2 (IBM-2).
Quantum phase transitions are profound changes in the state of a quantum system, driven by variations in parameters such as interaction strength or external fields. These transitions are of significant interest in nuclear physics and have potential applications in energy technologies, including nuclear fusion and advanced materials for energy storage.
The Casten pyramid, a conceptual framework used to describe nuclear shapes and phases, serves as the backdrop for this research. Ghapanvari and his team utilized the semi-classical approximation of IBM-2, combined with Schmidt decomposition and coherent states formalism, to calculate energy surfaces and entanglement entropy. Their findings indicate that entanglement entropy is a highly effective tool for identifying critical points in the quantum phase transitions, particularly along specific pathways within the Casten pyramid.
“Entanglement entropy provides a unique lens through which we can observe the subtle changes in nuclear structures as they undergo phase transitions,” Ghapanvari explained. “This method not only confirms our understanding of these transitions but also offers a more precise way to map out the critical points, which is crucial for both theoretical and practical applications.”
The study highlights two key pathways: the path to the U(5) limit and the interconnected paths between SU(3) and O(6) phases. The numerical analysis of energy surfaces corroborates the results obtained from entanglement entropy, reinforcing the robustness of the approach.
The implications of this research extend beyond nuclear physics. Understanding quantum phase transitions at a fundamental level can lead to advancements in nuclear fusion technologies, where the control of plasma states and nuclear reactions is paramount. Additionally, the insights gained from this study could inform the development of new materials with enhanced properties for energy storage and conversion.
As the energy sector continues to evolve, the integration of quantum information science with traditional nuclear physics could pave the way for innovative solutions to some of the most pressing energy challenges. Ghapanvari’s work represents a significant step forward in this interdisciplinary field, bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical applications.
“This research not only deepens our understanding of quantum phase transitions but also opens up new avenues for exploring their potential in energy technologies,” Ghapanvari added. “The semi-classical approximation of IBM-2, combined with entanglement entropy, provides a powerful toolkit for future investigations in this exciting area.”
As the energy sector continues to evolve, the integration of quantum information science with traditional nuclear physics could pave the way for innovative solutions to some of the most pressing energy challenges. Ghapanvari’s work represents a significant step forward in this interdisciplinary field, bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical applications.