In a significant stride towards a sustainable future, researchers have engineered a strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that can rapidly grow using formate, a simple one-carbon molecule, as its sole energy source. This breakthrough, published in the journal *Nature Communications* (which translates to “Nature Messages”), could pave the way for a formate-based bioeconomy, potentially revolutionizing the energy sector.
The study, led by Aidan E. Cowan of the Joint BioEnergy Institute, demonstrates that by implementing a fast, metal-dependent formate dehydrogenase complex, E. coli can achieve a doubling time of less than 4.5 hours—a rate comparable to the fastest natural formatotrophs. “This is a major leap forward,” Cowan explains. “Previous limitations in synthetic formatotrophy were largely due to slow formate dehydrogenase activity, which hindered energy supply. Our work addresses this bottleneck.”
The engineered strain not only grows quickly but also efficiently produces valuable bioproducts. The researchers demonstrated the production of 3.8 grams per liter of mevalonate, a precursor to terpenoids and aviation fuel. Moreover, they showcased the potential of a formate-based bioeconomy by generating formate directly from the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and by converting lignin, an abundant and recalcitrant polymer, into a formate-rich mixture of small organic acids, which were then bioconverted into mevalonate.
The implications for the energy sector are profound. Formate, derived from renewable sources, offers a promising alternative to traditional carbon-intensive feedstocks. “This research brings us closer to a sustainable bioeconomy,” Cowan notes. “By utilizing formate, we can decarbonize the manufacturing of materials, fuels, and chemicals, contributing to a greener future.”
The study’s findings highlight the potential for fast-growing, formatotrophic bioproduction strains to play a pivotal role in the transition to renewable energy sources. As the world seeks innovative solutions to combat climate change, this research offers a compelling glimpse into the future of sustainable bioproduction. The work not only advances our understanding of synthetic formatotrophy but also sets the stage for further developments in the field, potentially reshaping the energy landscape and contributing to a more sustainable future.