In the quest to meet the world’s ever-growing seafood demand, aquaculture has emerged as a promising alternative to capture fisheries. However, the industry faces significant challenges, particularly in water quality and disease management. Enter biofloc technology (BFT), an innovative approach that’s turning the tide on these issues, and potentially offering a boon for the energy sector. This technology is the focus of a recent study published in the journal “Discover Food” (translated from the original title), led by Benedict Terkula Iber of the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
BFT works by cultivating microbial communities that convert organic waste into valuable biomass, serving as supplementary feed for aquatic species. This process not only reduces dependence on external feed inputs but also enhances nutrient recycling, reduces water utilization, and improves water quality. “The success of BFT is centered on maintaining an optimal carbon-to-nitrogen ratio,” explains Iber. “Many studies recommend a ratio between 10:1 and 20:1 for improved multiplication of heterotrophic bacteria that degrade nitrogenous waste.”
The study highlights the dual nature of suspended organic matter (SOM) as both a substrate for microbial proliferation and a nutrient source for culture species. Carbon sources in BFT are grouped into traditional (like molasses and sugarcane by-products) and alternative/innovative sources (such as agricultural by-products and processed organic waste). The research emphasizes the importance of advanced sludge management, real-time monitoring, and alternative carbon sources as critical enablers of BFT optimization.
The implications for the energy sector are significant. As the world seeks sustainable solutions to meet its energy needs, the efficient recycling of nutrients and organic waste in aquaculture could provide a valuable model. The energy sector could potentially adopt similar microbial technologies to manage waste and improve resource efficiency.
Moreover, the study synthesizes recent advancements in microbial dynamics, environmental, and policy frameworks necessary for biofloc aquaculture sustainability and environmental management. This research could shape future developments in the field, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient aquaculture practices.
As the global population continues to grow, so too does the demand for seafood. Biofloc technology offers a promising solution to meet this demand while also addressing environmental concerns. The energy sector would do well to take note of these developments, as the principles of efficient resource use and waste management could hold the key to a more sustainable future.