In the vast, sun-scorched expanses of remote deserts, where traditional power infrastructure is often a rarity, a groundbreaking energy storage solution is emerging, promising to stabilize the fluctuating outputs of renewable energy sources. Researchers, led by Dongqi Huang from the CSG Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd. in Guangzhou, China, have introduced a novel planning framework for an electro-hydrogen energy storage system with grid-forming capabilities. This system is designed to supply both inertia and frequency response, addressing critical challenges in frequency regulation for remote renewable energy hubs.
The study, published in the journal Energies, underscores the limitations of relying solely on a single form of energy storage. “Constraints in performance, capacity, and cost-effectiveness often render single-storage systems insufficient,” Huang explains. To overcome these hurdles, the researchers integrated battery and hydrogen storage technologies into a direct current (DC) transmission network. This configuration optimizes the capacity settings for both grid-forming batteries and hydrogen units, enhancing the overall efficiency and reliability of the energy storage system.
One of the most innovative aspects of this research is the establishment of virtual inertia models for both hydrogen systems and grid-forming batteries. These models enable precise estimation of the total synthetic inertia provided, a crucial factor in maintaining grid stability. “By introducing three security indices to address stability concerns stemming from renewable generation variability, we’ve significantly enhanced the frequency modulation potential of both systems,” Huang notes.
The practical effectiveness of this optimization strategy and system configuration was demonstrated through a real-world case study involving a 13 GW renewable energy base in Northwest China, connected via a ±10 GW HVDC export corridor. The results confirm the robustness of the proposed approach, offering a promising solution for stabilizing renewable energy outputs in remote locations.
The implications of this research are far-reaching for the energy sector. By integrating multiple forms of energy storage and optimizing their performance, this study paves the way for more stable and reliable renewable energy systems. “This framework not only addresses current challenges but also sets the stage for future developments in energy storage technology,” Huang says.
As the world continues to shift towards renewable energy sources, the need for advanced energy storage solutions becomes increasingly critical. This research offers a compelling blueprint for achieving greater stability and efficiency in remote renewable energy hubs, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy future.