In the heart of Bulgaria, a groundbreaking study is paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient energy future. Led by Penka Zlateva from the Department of Thermal Engineering at the Technical University of Varna, the research delves into the potential of waste biomass as a raw material for combined heat and power (CHP) production. The findings, published in the journal Energies, offer a promising pathway toward enhanced energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions.
The study focuses on a cogeneration plant that utilizes the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology to convert wood biomass into electricity and heat. The system is designed to operate on 2 tons of biomass per hour, delivering an impressive 1156 kW of electric power and 3660 kW of thermal energy. What sets this system apart is its ability to recover an additional 2664 kW of heat from flue gases, thanks to three additional economizers. This innovative approach brings the overall energy efficiency to a remarkable 85%.
“When operating at full capacity, the system not only significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions by over 5800 tons per year but also generates annual revenues exceeding EUR 600,000,” Zlateva explains. However, she notes that operating at reduced loads can increase specific fuel consumption and decrease overall efficiency.
The market research component of the study reveals a strong interest in adopting such technologies. A staggering 75% of respondents expressed willingness to embrace these systems, provided financial incentives are available. The demand is particularly high for systems with capacities up to 1000 kW. Nevertheless, challenges such as high initial investment costs and uneven access to raw materials persist.
The implications of this research are far-reaching. By demonstrating the viability of waste biomass for combined energy production, the study offers a technologically robust and environmentally efficient solution. It aligns with global goals of energy independence, sustainability, and the transition to a low-carbon economy.
As the energy sector continues to evolve, the findings from Zlateva’s research could shape future developments in biomass cogeneration and ORC technology. The study not only highlights the commercial potential of these systems but also underscores the importance of policy support and financial incentives in driving market adoption.
In a world increasingly focused on sustainable energy solutions, this research from Bulgaria stands as a beacon of innovation and progress. It serves as a reminder that the path to a greener future is not only possible but also economically viable.