In a groundbreaking study published in the journal *Results in Applied Engineering*, researchers from the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) in Ecuador have presented a comparative analysis of two rooftop hybrid energy systems designed for an academic complex. The research, led by Ruben Hidalgo-Leon from the Centro de Energías Renovables y Alternativas, offers a promising framework for integrating renewable energy technologies into educational institutions, potentially reshaping the energy landscape for similar facilities worldwide.
The study focuses on reducing or eliminating the reliance on conventional electricity by leveraging fuel cell (FC) technology alongside photovoltaic (PV) modules. Two systems were evaluated: a grid-connected configuration and a standalone system. Both systems incorporate PV modules, FCs, electrolyzers, converters, hydrogen (H₂) storage tanks, a battery energy storage system (BESS), and a grid connection. The simulations, conducted using Homer Pro software, utilized detailed hourly meteorological and load data to optimize the systems based on techno-economic criteria.
The grid-connected system achieved a remarkable 75.63% renewable fraction, with an optimized configuration of 120 kWp PV, 100 kW converter, 8 kW FC, 50 kW electrolyzer, and a 20 kg H₂ tank. This setup delivered average outputs of 13,296 kWh/month from PV and 2868.61 kWh/month from FCs, with 56% of renewable energy feeding the electrolyzer. In contrast, the standalone system required larger capacities—180 kWp PV, 32 kW FC, 120 kW electrolyzer, 100 kg H₂ tank, and 192 kWh BESS—and produced 239,335.64 kWh/year from PV and 40,570.74 kWh/year from FCs. Hydrogen production reached 1936 kg/year and 2276 kg/year in the grid-connected and standalone systems, respectively.
The net present costs over 25 years were calculated to be USD 491,519.71 for the grid-connected system and USD 1,079,532.58 for the standalone system. These findings provide a data-driven framework that can be replicated in similar academic facilities, offering valuable insights for energy transition strategies.
“Our study presents a first-time analysis of H2-based rooftop systems for this university, offering useful guidance for its energy transition,” said Ruben Hidalgo-Leon, lead author of the study. This research not only highlights the potential of renewable energy integration but also underscores the economic viability of such systems, which could have significant commercial impacts for the energy sector.
The study’s findings are particularly relevant for the energy sector, as they demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of hybrid energy systems. The integration of PV and FC technologies can reduce reliance on conventional electricity, lower carbon emissions, and provide a more sustainable energy solution for academic complexes and other institutions. As the world continues to seek innovative ways to transition to renewable energy, this research offers a compelling model for future developments in the field.
By providing a comprehensive analysis of the techno-economic aspects of these systems, the study serves as a valuable resource for energy professionals, policymakers, and researchers. The insights gained from this research can inform the design and implementation of similar projects, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure.
In summary, the research conducted by Ruben Hidalgo-Leon and his team at ESPOL represents a significant step forward in the integration of renewable energy technologies. Their work not only offers practical solutions for academic institutions but also sets a precedent for the broader energy sector, paving the way for a more sustainable future.