In a significant stride towards clean coal utilization, researchers have unveiled a promising pathway to transform China’s abundant coal resources into high-value nanomaterials, potentially revolutionizing sectors from energy storage to environmental remediation. This innovative approach, detailed in a study published in the journal *Coal Science and Technology*, addresses the pressing need to align coal utilization with the nation’s “dual-carbon” goals—peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.
Leading the charge is Shenyong Li, a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering. Li and his team have systematically explored the potential of coal-based nanomaterials, tapping into the unique structural properties of coal’s organic and inorganic components. “Coal is not just a fossil fuel; it’s a treasure trove of structural units that can be rearranged into advanced nanomaterials,” Li explains. This perspective shift could unlock new avenues for clean and efficient coal utilization, bolstering energy security while fostering new industries.
The study highlights the transformative potential of coal’s polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon networks and aluminosilicates. These components can be converted into zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots, two-dimensional graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanoporous systems like zeolites and mesoporous materials. Notably, the “carbon-ash composites” found in coal combustion residues present novel opportunities for functional material design, offering a sustainable solution to manage coal-based solid waste.
The dimensionality of carbon nanomaterials is primarily governed by the coal metamorphic grade, a finding that could guide future material design and preparation. The study provides a comprehensive review of preparation technologies for these nanomaterials and their applications in lithium battery anodes, electrocatalysis, and pollutant detection. Moreover, it elucidates the phase evolution mechanisms of silicon-aluminum components in coal-based solid waste and their conversion into nanoporous materials, with potential applications in CO2 capture and heavy metal adsorption.
However, challenges remain. The heterogeneity of coal feedstock can lead to product inconsistency, and the environmental risks associated with acid/alkali treatment processes need to be addressed. Li emphasizes the need for precise structural analysis at the molecular scale, synergistic conversion of multi-source solid wastes, and the development of green preparation technologies.
As the world grapples with the dual challenge of energy security and environmental sustainability, this research offers a glimmer of hope. By transforming coal into high-value nanomaterials, we can reduce carbon emissions, manage solid waste, and create new industries. As Li aptly puts it, “This is not just about coal; it’s about building a sustainable future.”
With the advancement of “raw material substitution” strategies and nanotechnology innovations, coal-based nanomaterials are poised to emerge as a value-added utilization pathway. This research, published in *Coal Science and Technology*, provides scientific support for building a clean coal-based materials industry system, shaping the future of the energy sector and beyond.