In a significant stride towards sustainable aviation, researchers have delved into the electrification of short-range passenger aircraft, offering promising insights for the energy sector. The study, led by Ahmad Naderi from the Cluster of Excellence SE2A at Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany, and published in the journal “IEEE Access” (which translates to “IEEE Open Access”), presents a novel approach to optimizing the electric power system (EPS) for aircraft, with potential ripple effects for energy technologies on the ground.
The research employs an iterative optimization method to pinpoint the ideal specifications for individual EPS components, considering factors like gravimetric and volumetric power densities and efficiency. Naderi and his team introduce a structured, decoupled optimization framework that isolates the impact of each design variable on weight, volume, and efficiency. This approach provides clearer insights into system-level trade-offs, offering a fresh perspective for EPS design.
“By incorporating component characteristics into the design process, we can achieve optimal configurations that enhance EPS performance,” Naderi explains. The study reveals that certain motor designs can improve performance by reducing weight, increasing efficiency, or minimizing volume, depending on the optimization objective.
The research also explores power electronics configurations, finding that some topologies excel in efficiency, while others perform better in different criteria. In transmission line selection, superconducting cables prove more efficient than conventional cables in minimizing electrical losses at lower voltages, despite being bulkier. Conversely, conventional cables are more advantageous at higher voltage levels due to their lighter weight.
Moreover, the study recommends modular and scalable circuit breakers for their adaptability across varying voltage levels. Sensitivity analyses further support the optimization results, revealing the influence of voltage level, shaft power, and cable technology on overall system metrics.
The findings also highlight the current limitations of battery integration and the challenging energy density requirements for full electrification, benchmarked against a conventional ATR-72 propulsion system. This research not only advances the field of all-electric aircraft but also offers valuable insights for the energy sector, particularly in power electronics and medium voltage direct current systems.
As the world moves towards sustainable energy solutions, this study provides a roadmap for optimizing electric power systems, with implications that extend beyond aviation. The insights gained could influence the design of energy systems in various industries, driving innovation and efficiency in the broader energy landscape.
Naderi’s work underscores the importance of a structured approach to system design, emphasizing the need for tailored solutions that balance performance, weight, and efficiency. As the energy sector continues to evolve, such research will be instrumental in shaping the future of electrification and sustainable energy technologies.