In the quest to ensure uninterrupted power supply, researchers have turned their attention to an often-overlooked culprit behind blackouts: geomagnetic storms. These solar events can induce powerful currents in power grids, posing a significant risk to electric utilities worldwide. A recent study published in the *Journal of Earth Science* sheds light on this phenomenon, offering insights that could shape the future of power grid resilience.
The research, led by Aksenovich Tatyana from the Northern Energetics Research Centre KSC RAS, focuses on geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that flow through high-voltage power grids during periods of heightened solar activity. These currents have been known to cause blackouts in regions like Canada, Sweden, and the USA. To better understand and mitigate this risk, Aksenovich and her team developed a GIC monitoring system in the 330 kV autotransformers of the Kola-Karelian power transit in northwestern Russia.
Over an 11-year monitoring period, the team registered numerous instances of high quasi-dc currents induced by geomagnetic field variations. To analyze these currents, they employed wavelet transform, a method that allows for the examination of both frequency composition and temporal changes in spectral characteristics.
“The wavelet transform is particularly useful in studying GICs because it provides a detailed view of how the frequency components of the currents evolve over time,” Aksenovich explained. This detailed analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics of GICs and assessing their impact on power grids.
The study presents a detailed analysis of four significant events from Solar Cycle 24: the geomagnetic storms of 13-14 November 2012, 17-18 March 2015, 7-8 September 2015, and 7-8 September 2017. The research revealed that the characteristic duration of the peak GICs during these events ranged from 4.6 to 11.1 minutes.
The findings have significant implications for the energy sector. By understanding the temporal and spectral characteristics of GICs, power utilities can better prepare for and mitigate the risks associated with geomagnetic storms. This research could pave the way for the development of more resilient power grids, capable of withstanding the impacts of solar activity.
As Aksenovich noted, “Our study provides a foundation for further research into the effects of geomagnetic storms on power grids. By continuing to monitor and analyze GICs, we can develop more effective strategies to protect our energy infrastructure.”
This research not only highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and analysis of GICs but also underscores the need for international collaboration in addressing the challenges posed by space weather. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the impacts of geomagnetic storms on power grids will only grow in significance. By staying ahead of these challenges, the energy sector can ensure a more stable and reliable power supply for all.