In the quest to mitigate climate change, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects are gaining traction as a viable solution. A critical component of these projects is the safe transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) via high-pressure pipelines. However, accidental leaks in these pipelines can pose significant risks, making it essential to understand the characteristics of near-field leakage for accurate risk assessment and mitigation.
A recent study published in the *Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries* by Yan Shang from the College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering at China University of Petroleum in Beijing, delves into this very issue. The study presents a compressible multiphase flow model based on non-equilibrium phase transitions to investigate the characteristics of under-expanded jets resulting from high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage.
“The safe transportation of CO2 is crucial for the success of CCUS projects,” Shang explains. “Our study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the near-field leakage characteristics, which can aid in predicting CO2 diffusion patterns and conducting effective risk assessments.”
The research examines the shock wave structures of the Mach disk and jet boundary layer, analyzing the effects of various initial pressures, temperatures, and leakage sizes on pressure, fluid velocity, temperature, and Mach number in the near field. The study also proposes predictive formulas for the position, diameter, and boundary layer thickness of the Mach disk based on simulation results.
“Our predictive formulas can accurately predict the characteristic dimensions of the normal shock wave, with a maximum error rate of 5.5% when compared to experimental data,” Shang adds.
The findings of this study have significant implications for the energy sector. By providing a better understanding of near-field leakage characteristics, the research can help improve the safety and efficiency of CO2 transportation, a critical aspect of CCUS projects. This, in turn, can facilitate the broader adoption of CCUS technologies, contributing to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
As the world continues to grapple with the challenges of climate change, research like Shang’s offers a glimmer of hope. By advancing our understanding of CO2 transportation and leakage, we can take significant strides towards a more sustainable and secure energy future. The study not only enhances our knowledge of CO2 pipeline safety but also paves the way for more robust risk assessment and mitigation strategies in the energy sector.