In the dynamic landscape of energy systems, the integration of renewable energy (RE) sources into smart grids is gaining momentum, driven by the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and diversify energy generation. A recent systematic review published in the journal “Scientific African” (formerly known as “African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development”) sheds light on the impacts, integration techniques, and scalability considerations associated with RE systems in smart grid applications. The study, led by Samuel Jonas Yeboah from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Mines and Technology in Tarkwa, Ghana, and Sunyani Technical University in Sunyani, Ghana, offers valuable insights for the energy sector.
The research, which analysed 101 articles, categorised the impacts of RE integration into four broad areas: grid stability and control, grid infrastructure challenges, energy storage and management, and the integration of intermittent power sources. “The findings highlight complexities and challenges, such as grid stability issues and the intermittency of renewable power generation,” Yeboah noted. These challenges are not insurmountable, however. The study explores various techniques used to integrate RE into smart grids, including advanced control and protection systems, smart energy storage and management systems, grid infrastructure upgrades, and the development of predictive models.
One of the key recommendations from the research is the development of hybrid optimisation models to enhance load scheduling, peak shaving, and cost reduction. “This approach can significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of smart grids,” Yeboah explained. The study also suggests further evaluation and testing of advanced technologies like Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning, neural networks, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, and adaptive fuzzy inference systems.
The commercial implications of this research are substantial. As the energy sector continues to evolve, the integration of RE sources into smart grids presents opportunities for innovation and investment. By addressing the challenges and leveraging the techniques outlined in this study, energy companies can enhance the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of their operations. Moreover, the development of advanced predictive models and optimisation techniques can lead to significant cost savings and improved grid performance.
This research not only provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of RE integration into smart grids but also offers a roadmap for future developments. As Yeboah and his team continue to explore these topics, their work is likely to shape the future of energy systems, driving the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy landscape. For professionals in the energy sector, this study serves as a valuable resource, offering insights and recommendations that can inform strategic decision-making and foster innovation.