In the relentless pursuit of harnessing fusion energy, scientists have made a significant stride towards controlling the fusion burn process in future reactors. A recent study published in the journal ‘Nuclear Fusion’, titled “Feasibility of fusion plasma burn control via real-time, sub-divertor neutral gas isotopic and compositional analysis,” presents a novel approach that could revolutionize the way we manage fusion reactions.
The research, led by C.C. Klepper from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, focuses on the ability to control fusion burn without physically accessing the reactor’s first wall and fuel breeding blankets. This is a critical advancement, as it paves the way for more efficient and safer fusion power reactors.
The study builds on empirical experience from the Joint European Torus (JET) deuterium–tritium experimental campaigns (DTE2 and DTE3). It demonstrates the feasibility of developing model-based controllers for ITER, the world’s largest fusion experiment, and next-generation fusion reactors. These controllers could potentially manage the fusion process in real-time, ensuring optimal performance and safety.
One of the key findings of the study is the observed sensitivity of the fusion neutron yield to the concentration of isotopic helium-3 (^3He). “The data from one of the high-performance DT shots exhibited a significant sensitivity to ^3He concentration,” Klepper explains. “This sensitivity is crucial for developing effective control strategies.”
The researchers developed a model to explore how well controllers react to varying levels of ^3He. Simulations were conducted to assess the impact of measurement delays, comparable to the expected response time of the Diagnostic Residual Gas Analyzer (DRGA) system in ITER. The results were promising, showing that control is feasible and that the effectiveness is not significantly impacted by such delays.
This research has significant implications for the energy sector. Fusion energy, with its potential for abundant, clean, and safe power, could transform the global energy landscape. The ability to control the fusion burn process is a critical step towards making fusion energy a reality.
As we look to the future, the work of Klepper and his team could shape the development of next-generation fusion reactors. Their findings provide a solid foundation for further research and development, bringing us one step closer to harnessing the power of the stars.
The study, published in ‘Nuclear Fusion’, which translates to ‘Fusion Energy’ in English, is a testament to the ongoing efforts to make fusion energy a viable and sustainable part of our energy mix. The journey is long and challenging, but with each breakthrough, we edge closer to a future powered by fusion.