In the heart of Thailand, a groundbreaking study is stirring excitement in the energy and environmental sectors. Researchers from The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, led by Abigail Schudel, have delved into the potential of microalgae-based products to revolutionize the country’s approach to carbon dioxide utilization. The findings, published in F1000Research, offer a glimpse into a future where microalgae could power vehicles, feed fish, and enrich soil, all while slashing carbon emissions.
Microalgae, those tiny, often single-celled organisms, are more than just pond scum. They are nature’s tiny powerhouses, capable of converting sunlight into energy and absorbing carbon dioxide in the process. Schudel and her team have explored the life cycle assessment of three microalgae-derived products: biodiesel, fish feed, and biofertilizer. Their work paints a picture of a sustainable future where these humble organisms play a starring role.
The study evaluated nine scenarios, comparing three electricity profiles—Thailand’s current energy mix, a hybrid of 50% renewable and 50% current mix, and a fully renewable scenario—across the three products. The results are promising, with all products showing significant environmental benefits under increased renewable energy scenarios.
Fish feed emerged as the standout performer, consistently exhibiting the lowest environmental impacts. With an annual demand of 0.4 million tonnes, microalgae-based fish feed could generate USD 560 million in revenue and reduce CO2 emissions by 1.1 million tonnes. “Fish feed is a game-changer,” Schudel asserts. “It’s not just about reducing emissions; it’s about creating a sustainable food source for the aquaculture industry.”
Biodiesel, too, holds immense potential. Meeting Thailand’s projected biodiesel demand of 4,015 million liters per year through microalgae production could yield approximately USD 3.5 billion in revenue and reduce CO2 emissions by 30 million tonnes compared to conventional fossil-based diesel. This shift could significantly contribute to Thailand’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20-30%.
Algal biofertilizer production could meet a 5 million tonnes annual demand, offering USD 2 billion in revenue while reducing CO2 emissions by 6 million tonnes yearly. Collectively, these products could offset 37 million tonnes of CO2, representing about 14% of Thailand’s total CO2 emissions.
The implications for the energy sector are profound. Microalgae-based biodiesel could provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, reducing dependence on imports and creating a new domestic industry. The economic benefits are clear, but the environmental gains are even more compelling.
This research, published in F1000Research, which translates to ‘The Journal of Open Research’, could shape future developments in the field. It highlights the need for a holistic approach to sustainability, considering the complex interplay between production methods, energy sources, and environmental impacts. As Schudel puts it, “The future is not just about reducing emissions; it’s about creating a sustainable, circular economy.”
The study serves as a call to action for policymakers, investors, and industry leaders. It’s a roadmap to a future where microalgae-based products are not just a niche market but a mainstream solution. The journey is just beginning, but the destination is clear: a sustainable, low-carbon future powered by the humble microalgae.
