Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s announcement of the Nuclear Mission for Viksit Bharat in the Union Budget 2025-26 has set the stage for a seismic shift in India’s energy landscape. The mission, which aims to make India a global leader in nuclear energy by 2047, is not just about generating 100 GW of nuclear power; it’s about reimagining India’s energy future.
India’s energy demands are surging, driven by rapid urbanization, economic growth, and the increasing adoption of electric vehicles. Nuclear energy, with its low-carbon footprint, is poised to play a pivotal role in meeting these demands while reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The target of 100 GW by 2047, coinciding with India’s centenary of independence, is a bold statement of intent. It’s a vision that aligns with India’s broader goals of becoming a ‘Viksit Bharat’ (Developed India) and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. This is not just about energy security; it’s about climate leadership.
However, the journey from the current 7,500 MW of nuclear power to 100 GW is fraught with challenges. It requires a monumental investment in infrastructure, technology, and human resources. But with a clear roadmap, India is signaling its ambition to lead in nuclear energy. This mission is not just about powering India’s growth; it’s about contributing to the global fight against climate change. It’s about showing the world that a developing nation can lead the way in sustainable energy.
To achieve this, the government is pushing for significant legal reforms. The proposed amendments to the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act are designed to invite private sector participation. This is a game-changer. Traditionally, the nuclear energy sector has been a government stronghold, dominated by entities like the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL). But with these reforms, the government is opening the door to private companies, aiming to bring in investment, innovation, and expertise. This shift aligns with the government’s push for privatization and public-private partnerships in critical sectors.
The amendments to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act are particularly noteworthy. The current law has been criticized for limiting the liability of nuclear operators, deterring private investment. By creating a more balanced and transparent liability framework, the government hopes to encourage both domestic and international private investments. This could be a turning point for the sector, fostering innovation and making India’s nuclear energy sector more competitive globally.
But the Nuclear Mission for Viksit Bharat is not just about scaling up existing technologies. It’s about investing in the future. The government’s commitment to research and development (R&D) in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) is a testament to this forward-thinking approach. SMRs, with their flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced safety features, are seen as the future of nuclear power. The government’s outlay of ₹20,000 crores for SMR technology is a significant step towards developing these reactors indigenously. By 2033, India plans to have at least five indigenously designed SMRs operational. This is not just about meeting energy requirements; it’s about positioning India as a leader in the global SMR market.
The development of SMRs will also help diversify India’s nuclear portfolio, making the energy grid more resilient. These reactors, designed with passive safety systems, offer a safer alternative to traditional large-scale reactors. This is particularly relevant for India’s remote areas, where large-scale power plants may be unfeasible due to infrastructure limitations. SMRs can provide reliable, clean energy to these underserved regions, transforming lives and economies.
However, the road ahead is not without its hurdles. Achieving the 100 GW target will require sustained investment in technology, infrastructure, and human capital. India must also ensure that its nuclear energy expansion is accompanied by rigorous safety standards and effective waste management practices. The environmental and public health risks must be mitigated to gain public acceptance and trust.
Moreover, the success of the Nuclear Mission for Viksit Bharat will depend on how well India navigates the geopolitical landscape. Nuclear energy is a sensitive sector, fraught with global politics and security concerns. India’s ability to forge strategic partnerships and secure technology transfers will be crucial.
But if India can overcome these challenges, the Nuclear Mission for Viksit Bharat could be a game-changer. It could transform India’s energy landscape, powering its growth while reducing its carbon footprint. It could position India as a global leader in nuclear energy, setting an example for other developing nations. It could be a beacon of hope in the global fight against climate change. The