China’s ambitious climate goals, aiming to peak carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, hinge significantly on advancements in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. A recent study led by Yujie Diao from the Key Laboratory of CO2 Geological Survey at the China Geological Survey (CGS) provides a comprehensive update on the potential for CO2 geological storage in the country, particularly focusing on sedimentary basins.
The research, published in ‘Energy Geoscience’, reveals that the Junggar Basin is poised to become a critical player in China’s CCS landscape. According to the study, deep saline aquifers in this region could potentially store between 48 and 164 billion tons of CO2, with a P50 estimate of 96 billion tons. Diao notes, “The central and northern parts of the Junggar Basin show the highest storage potential, reaching up to 9.5 million tons per square kilometer at a 50% probability level.” This significant capacity positions the basin as a viable site for future CCS projects, which are essential for meeting national emission reduction targets.
In addition to mapping storage potential, the CGS has conducted a pilot test on CO2-enhanced water recovery (CO2-EWR) in eastern Junggar. This innovative approach not only aims to sequester CO2 but also to enhance fluid production from reservoirs. The results indicate that CO2 flooding can dramatically improve pressure for fluid extraction, with a CO2 to produced fluid ratio of approximately 1.2. This dual benefit could provide a commercial incentive for energy companies to invest in CCS technologies, making it a win-win for both environmental and economic objectives.
However, the study also sheds light on the challenges associated with CO2 geological storage. An observation field in Qinghai Province, designed to monitor natural CO2 leakage, revealed that fault lines could act as pathways for CO2 to escape. Diao pointed out that “the integrity of the storage site is paramount; any leakage could undermine the effectiveness of CCS.” The research highlights that improper drilling practices and inadequate well-plugging have led to concerns about potential leakage from borehole ZK10 at the observation site.
As the energy sector increasingly turns to CCS as a means to mitigate climate change, this research underscores the importance of thorough suitability evaluations and the implementation of robust monitoring systems. The findings not only enhance the understanding of geological storage potential but also pave the way for more reliable and commercially viable CCS projects across China.
Ultimately, Diao’s work at the CGS represents a significant step forward in the quest for sustainable energy solutions, making the case that well-planned CCS initiatives could play a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality while simultaneously addressing energy production needs. As the world looks to China for leadership in climate action, the implications of this research could resonate far beyond its borders, influencing global CCS strategies in the years to come.
