Italy is on the cusp of a significant energy transformation as it prepares to reintroduce nuclear power into its energy mix, a move that could save the nation an estimated €17 billion ($17.7 billion) in decarbonization costs by 2050. This ambitious plan, articulated by Energy Minister Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, marks a pivotal shift in Italy’s energy strategy, especially given the historical context of nuclear power in the country, which faced bans following referendums in 1987 and 2011.
The Italian government, under Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, is now actively pursuing a regulatory framework that would facilitate the return of nuclear energy. The focus is on small modular reactors (SMRs) and advanced modular reactors, which are seen as innovative solutions to decarbonize the country’s most carbon-intensive sectors, including steel, glass, and tile production. This is not merely a return to past practices; rather, it is a calculated step towards a more balanced and sustainable energy mix that complements renewable sources.
Fratin’s assertion that “Italy is ready to return to nuclear power” underscores a growing recognition of the role that nuclear energy can play in achieving climate goals. The Italian energy and climate plan (PNIEC) estimates that integrating nuclear power could account for at least 11% of the energy mix, with projections suggesting it could even reach 22%. This dual approach—leveraging both nuclear and renewable energy—could position Italy as a leader in sustainable energy while also addressing pressing economic concerns tied to decarbonization.
Enel, Italy’s state-owned energy company, is already taking steps to explore advanced nuclear technologies. With operations in Spain and involvement in international nuclear projects, Enel is well-placed to contribute to this new chapter in Italy’s energy landscape. Furthermore, Eni’s investment in a nuclear fusion reactor project in the U.S. highlights the country’s commitment to exploring cutting-edge energy solutions. The potential collaborations with established players like Westinghouse and EDF signal a robust interest in developing a state-backed company dedicated to advanced nuclear reactor construction.
As Italy moves forward, the timeline for this nuclear renaissance appears ambitious. A draft law is expected to be presented for cabinet approval by early February, with hopes for parliamentary approval by the end of 2025. This urgency reflects the broader global trend of nations reassessing their energy strategies in light of climate change and energy security concerns.
The implications of Italy’s renewed focus on nuclear power extend beyond financial savings. It challenges the long-standing stigma associated with nuclear energy and opens up a broader conversation about energy independence, technological innovation, and the role of government in shaping energy futures. As Italy navigates this complex landscape, the decisions made in the coming years will not only impact its energy mix but could also serve as a blueprint for other nations grappling with similar energy dilemmas. The stakes are high, and the world will be watching closely as Italy embarks on this transformative journey.
