As the global energy landscape shifts towards low-carbon alternatives, hydrogen emerges as a pivotal player in the quest for sustainable energy solutions. A recent study published in *Energy Conversion and Management: X* sheds light on the exergy efficiency and CO2 intensity of the hydrogen supply chain, with a particular focus on underground storage—a key component in optimizing hydrogen as an energy source.
The research, conducted by Boyukagha Baghirov from the Department of Geoscience and Engineering at Delft University of Technology, reveals that the conversion process from electricity to hydrogen and back can achieve an exergetic efficiency of up to 25%. This figure is significant, considering the growing interest in hydrogen as a means to store renewable energy. Baghirov emphasizes the importance of this efficiency, stating, “Understanding the energy dynamics of hydrogen production and storage is crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce carbon emissions in the energy sector.”
Among various hydrogen production methods, green hydrogen—generated through electrolysis powered by renewable energy—stands out with the lowest CO2 equivalent intensity. In contrast, blue hydrogen, which is derived from natural gas with carbon capture technology, offers a lower carbon footprint for electricity generation but sacrifices some efficiency in the process. This nuanced understanding of hydrogen production methods not only informs energy policy but also presents commercial opportunities for companies looking to invest in cleaner technologies.
The research also delves into the underground storage of hydrogen, revealing that the exergetic efficiency of this process can range between 72% to 92%. While there is a notable loss of exergy during the compression and injection phases, the emissions associated with subsurface operations are minimal, ranging from just 1.46 to 4.56 grams of CO2 equivalent per megajoule when utilizing low-carbon energy sources. This finding is particularly encouraging for energy companies that are exploring underground storage as a viable option for large-scale hydrogen deployment.
However, challenges remain. The study highlights how hydrogen losses in reservoirs, along with methane and hydrogen leaks during surface operations, can significantly impact the overall efficiency of the storage process. Addressing these challenges is essential for the commercial viability of hydrogen as a mainstream energy source.
As the energy sector continues to navigate the complexities of decarbonization, insights from this research could shape future developments in hydrogen technology and storage solutions. With the energy market increasingly leaning towards sustainable practices, companies that adopt these findings may find themselves at the forefront of the transition to a low-carbon economy.
For more information about Boyukagha Baghirov’s work, you can visit the Department of Geoscience and Engineering at Delft University of Technology. This study not only advances our understanding of hydrogen’s role in energy systems but also underscores the potential for innovative solutions in energy storage and carbon capture technologies.