In a significant stride toward a sustainable energy future, a new systematic review has illuminated the burgeoning potential of solar energy facilities across South America. Led by Carlos Cacciuttolo from the Department of Civil Works and Geology at the Catholic University of Temuco, this research underscores the region’s transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, with a particular focus on solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies.
The findings reveal that South America is not just rich in natural resources but also poised to become a leader in clean energy generation. With an average theoretical solar potential of 5.112 kWh/m2, the region boasts some of the highest solar irradiation levels globally, especially in areas like the Atacama Desert in Chile. “The extraordinary environmental characteristics of the Atacama Desert position Chile as a leader in solar energy potential,” Cacciuttolo noted, emphasizing the unique advantages that this geographic region offers for solar energy development.
As of 2023, South America has seen a remarkable increase in solar energy infrastructure, with a collective installed capacity exceeding 49 gigawatts (GW) across Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, and Peru. Brazil leads the charge with a total installed capacity of 37 GW, while Chile follows with 8.7 GW, primarily due to its extensive investment in large-scale solar PV farms. The review highlights that there are currently 663 large-scale solar PV farms operational in the region, with Chile at the forefront, operating 335 facilities.
The commercial implications of this research are profound. As countries strive to meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and commit to carbon neutrality by 2050, the shift towards solar energy not only addresses climate change but also opens new avenues for investment and job creation in the energy sector. The integration of advanced technologies such as battery energy storage systems (BESS) and hybrid renewable energy facilities is set to enhance energy resilience and reliability. Cacciuttolo pointed out, “Hybridization between onshore wind and solar PV can mitigate the intermittency of solar energy, ensuring a more stable energy supply.”
Moreover, the study identifies emerging trends like the implementation of floating solar PV plants, which can be deployed in hydroelectric reservoirs and agricultural water bodies, further diversifying energy generation methods. These innovations promise to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while providing a robust response to the challenges posed by climate change.
As the region progresses toward its ambitious decarbonization goals, the insights from this systematic review, published in the journal ‘Energies’, could serve as a blueprint for other regions aiming to harness renewable energy. The research not only charts the current landscape of solar energy in South America but also sets the stage for future developments in the field, potentially transforming the energy matrix into a more sustainable and low-carbon model.
For more information about Carlos Cacciuttolo and his research, visit Catholic University of Temuco.