In a significant stride for renewable energy integration, researchers have unveiled a groundbreaking study on the balance between grid‐forming (GFM) and grid‐following (GFL) converters within power stations. This research, led by Ziqian Zhang from the Institute of Electrical Power Systems at Graz University of Technology, offers a novel approach to understanding how these converters can work together to enhance stability in wind and photovoltaic power plants.
The study highlights the critical role that GFM and GFL converters play in maintaining system stability, particularly during synchronization losses. “Our findings reveal a marked difference in recovery capabilities following these losses,” Zhang noted. “GFL converters tend to be more effective in restoring synchrony after disturbances caused by GFM, while GFM converters struggle to recover from issues induced by GFL.”
This asymmetry in converter behavior is not just an academic concern; it has tangible implications for the energy sector. As renewable energy sources become a larger part of the global energy mix, understanding how to optimize the interaction between different types of converters is essential for ensuring reliable power delivery. The research indicates that when the capacity ratio of GFL converters to the system’s short-circuit capacity exceeds that of GFM by a significant margin—specifically, a 1:5 ratio—the system may lack a stable equilibrium point. This instability can jeopardize the synchronization stability of GFM converters, posing risks to overall grid reliability.
Zhang’s team validated their conclusions through rigorous joint controller hardware-in-the-loop testing, providing a robust framework for future research and application. The implications for commercial energy operations are profound, as energy providers may need to rethink their converter configurations to prevent synchronization issues that could lead to outages or inefficiencies.
The research not only addresses immediate operational concerns but also paves the way for future advancements in power system transient stability and the integration of renewable energy technologies. As the industry moves toward more complex multi-converter systems, the insights gained from this study could guide the design of more resilient and efficient power plants.
Published in the prestigious ‘IET Renewable Power Generation’ (translated as ‘IET Renewable Power Generation’), this study is poised to influence how energy systems are designed and operated, ensuring that renewable sources can meet the growing demands of the energy market while maintaining stability and reliability. For more information about Ziqian Zhang’s work, you can visit the Institute of Electrical Power Systems Graz University of Technology.
