In a significant advancement for the energy sector, researchers are tackling the intricate challenges of protecting distribution networks integrated with distributed energy resources (DERs). A recent study published in ‘IEEE Access’ introduces an innovative AI-based protection scheme that promises to enhance safety and efficiency in power distribution systems. This research, led by Ahad Amraeimonfared from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in Tehran, Iran, highlights the growing complexities faced by modern electrical grids, particularly in the context of fluctuating short-circuit levels (SCLs) and the operational dynamics of on-load tap-changers (OLTCs).
As the integration of DERs, such as solar panels and wind turbines, becomes more prevalent, the need for robust protection coordination in distribution networks has never been more critical. Amraeimonfared notes, “The rise of DERs introduces variability that traditional protection systems struggle to manage. Our AI-assisted scheme not only addresses these challenges but also optimizes the operational efficiency of the network.”
The proposed protection scheme employs smart relays (SRs) that leverage a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, which is trained to detect and classify faults across various locations while considering a multitude of operational scenarios. This includes different fault resistances, DER outages, and capacitor bank switching conditions. The dual-layered approach designates SRs as the primary protection mechanism, with conventional overcurrent relays (CRs) serving as a backup, ensuring reliability even in the event of SR failures.
The economic implications of this research are equally compelling. By utilizing a fuzzy decision-making approach, the study introduces a techno-economic model that optimizes the placement of SRs, significantly reducing relay replacement costs while ensuring technical coordination. The results are striking: the new scheme boasts a 99.5% fault detection accuracy and a remarkable 74.2% reduction in overall relay operation time. Furthermore, a 25% replacement rate of SRs successfully rectifies complete miscoordination, underscoring the framework’s technical superiority and economic viability.
The implications of this research extend beyond mere technical enhancements. As energy markets evolve and the demand for reliable and efficient power distribution increases, adopting such advanced protection schemes could lead to substantial cost savings and improved grid resilience. “This research paves the way for smarter, more adaptable energy systems that can better accommodate the growing influx of renewable energy sources,” Amraeimonfared added.
With the energy sector facing unprecedented changes, the findings of this study could shape future developments in grid protection strategies, driving the transition towards more sustainable and reliable energy systems. As the world leans more towards decentralized energy production, innovations like those presented by Amraeimonfared are essential for ensuring that our electrical grids can meet the challenges of tomorrow.
For those interested in exploring the details of this groundbreaking work, the full study is available in ‘IEEE Access’ (translated as ‘IEEE Access’). More information about the lead author’s affiliation can be found at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University.
