India is at a crossroads in its pursuit of solar energy, with ambitious targets set to harness the power of the sun to combat climate change. However, a recent study reveals that the country’s photovoltaic potential may be hindered by the very climate challenges it seeks to mitigate. Conducted by Sushovan Ghosh from the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, the research, published in *Environmental Research Letters*, provides a sobering outlook for India’s solar ambitions.
The study evaluates the mid-century solar photovoltaic potential across Indian power grids using advanced climate models under different scenarios. The findings indicate a projected decrease in nationally averaged photovoltaic potential by 2.3% to 3.3% compared to the baseline period of 1985 to 2014. This decline is attributed primarily to reduced solar radiation and increased temperatures. Ghosh notes, “As temperatures rise, we expect to see significant efficiency losses in solar panels, particularly in regions that are already rich in solar resources.”
Under the more severe SSP5-8.5 scenario, which assumes weak climate action and strong air pollution, cell temperatures could rise by as much as 2°C, leading to additional efficiency de-rating days for solar installations. This translates to a staggering loss of 840 GWh of energy, a figure that could have significant implications for energy producers and consumers alike. “These efficiency losses are not just numbers; they represent real energy that could have powered homes and industries,” Ghosh emphasizes.
The implications of this research extend beyond environmental concerns; they pose critical questions for the energy sector. With India aiming to become a global leader in solar energy, the potential decrease in photovoltaic output could hinder the country’s ability to meet its energy demands and climate commitments. Energy companies may need to reassess their strategies, investing in technologies that can mitigate these losses or exploring alternative energy sources to maintain a balanced portfolio.
Moreover, the study underscores the urgent need for integrated climate and pollution mitigation efforts. Ghosh suggests that without addressing air quality and climate change simultaneously, India’s solar potential may remain unrealized. “We must navigate the interplay between air pollution control and climate change mitigation to ensure a sustainable energy future for India,” he states.
As the world watches India’s energy transition, this research serves as a crucial reminder of the complexities involved in harnessing renewable resources. The findings not only highlight the environmental challenges but also emphasize the commercial impacts that could reshape the energy landscape in the coming decades. For more insights from the research, you can visit the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.
