As solar energy continues to gain traction in the Netherlands, a new study reveals an innovative approach to maximizing the benefits of photovoltaic (PV) systems in households. Researchers from the Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development at Utrecht University have introduced a Power-to-Domestic-Hot-Water (P2DHW) system that could revolutionize how excess solar power is utilized, addressing a critical challenge in the energy landscape.
With a cumulative installed capacity of 22.4 GWp in 2023, the Netherlands ranks second globally for solar PV per capita. Despite this impressive growth, a significant gap remains between energy production and consumption, particularly during peak sunlight hours. “Only about 30% of the generated PV power is used directly by households, leading to excess energy being fed back into the grid,” explains Ivar Kotte, the lead author of the study. This inefficiency not only burdens the grid but also complicates the economic landscape for consumers.
The P2DHW system, exemplified by the WaterAccu, offers a cost-effective and flexible solution. By storing excess solar energy as hot water, households can significantly enhance their self-consumption rates. The study analyzed twelve different household scenarios, and the economic benefits for the period from 2024 to 2032 ranged from a loss of €13 to a gain of €3055, depending on the size of the household and the capacity of the PV system. “What we see is that for larger households with lower PV capacity, the benefits might be slightly negative, but for most configurations, the P2DHW system proves to be an economically viable option,” Kotte adds.
The implications of this research extend beyond individual households. By effectively utilizing excess PV energy, the P2DHW system could help alleviate grid congestion, a growing concern as more households adopt solar technology. The study suggests that if implemented on a neighborhood scale, the P2DHW system could play a crucial role in stabilizing the grid and reducing overall energy costs.
Comparatively, the P2DHW system outperforms other energy storage options, such as home batteries and heat pump boilers, in terms of cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. “This system not only provides a simple solution for households but also contributes to a broader sustainability agenda,” Kotte states, highlighting the dual benefits of economic savings and reduced carbon emissions.
The research, published in the journal ‘Energies,’ underscores the importance of adapting energy systems to better utilize renewable resources. As the Netherlands prepares for potential changes in net metering policies, the P2DHW system could become an essential tool for households seeking to maximize their solar investments.
Looking ahead, further studies are needed to explore the P2DHW system’s potential to reduce grid congestion at a community level and to investigate methods for long-term energy storage. As Kotte notes, “Improving the technology’s capacity to utilize excess PV power could significantly enhance its effectiveness.”
For more information on this groundbreaking research and its potential impact on the energy sector, visit Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development.