In a significant exploration of the social acceptance of Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies in South Korea, researchers have highlighted a contentious divide between supporters and opponents within the government. As the nation strives to meet its 2030 nationally determined contributions (NDC) for carbon emissions reduction, the question of whether to establish a separate mitigation target for DAC technologies has sparked intense debate. The findings of this research, led by Chaewoon Oh from the National Institute of Green Technology, reveal critical insights into the complexities surrounding the governance of emerging climate technologies.
During the formulation of a national implementation plan aimed at achieving its climate goals, the South Korean government faced a pivotal moment. Despite the backing of numerous stakeholders advocating for DAC technologies, the final plan did not include a specific mitigation target. This outcome raises questions about the future of DAC in South Korea’s climate strategy and its implications for the energy sector.
Oh’s research identifies three primary concerns that shaped the decision against establishing a DAC-specific target. First, there is apprehension about the risks associated with setting short-term, binding targets that may not align with the long-term objectives of DAC technologies. “The potential for misalignment between immediate goals and long-term visions creates a significant barrier to acceptance,” Oh noted. Second, the uncertainty surrounding the mitigation potential of DAC technologies—still in their developmental stages—has led to skepticism among policymakers. Lastly, financial inefficiencies related to investment in DAC technologies have raised doubts about their viability compared to more established carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) methods.
The implications of this research extend beyond academic discourse; they resonate deeply within the energy sector. The lack of a dedicated DAC target could hinder investment and innovation in a technology that many view as crucial for achieving net-zero emissions. “Without clear targets and governmental support, the commercial potential of DAC technologies may be stifled,” Oh warned, emphasizing the need for a strategic approach to technology integration.
As South Korea navigates its climate commitments, the research underscores the importance of establishing binding short- and mid-term targets that align with the overarching goal of achieving net-zero by 2050. It calls for enhanced government support for technology demonstrations and methodological assistance to facilitate participation in carbon markets. Moreover, redefining the relationship between CCUS and DAC technologies could pave the way for a more integrated approach to carbon management.
The findings of this study, published in the Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, highlight the intricate dynamics at play in the acceptance of innovative climate solutions. As the energy sector continues to evolve, understanding these social and governance frameworks will be essential for fostering a conducive environment for DAC technologies. For further insights, you can refer to the work of Chaewoon Oh at the National Institute of Green Technology in Seoul, South Korea.
