In a significant stride toward achieving net-zero carbon emissions by the mid-century mark, a recent study led by Parisa Javadi from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Virginia reveals the intricate interplay between regional resources and technology availability in shaping carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies across the United States. The research, published in the journal Environmental Research: Energy, underscores the importance of tailored approaches to CDR, highlighting that not all regions are equally equipped to contribute to this critical climate goal.
The study employs the Global Change Analysis Model for the United States (GCAM-USA) to explore six distinct CDR methods across four different scenarios. Notably, the Full Portfolio scenario—where all CDR pathways are available—projects that the U.S. could potentially remove between 1 and 1.9 gigatons of CO2 per year by mid-century. In this scenario, direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) emerges as the dominant technology, accounting for approximately 50% of the projected CO2 removal. This is complemented by bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, contributing 25%, and enhanced rock weathering (ERW) at 11.5%.
Javadi emphasizes the regional disparities, stating, “Texas and the agricultural Midwest are poised to lead in CDR deployment due to their abundant agricultural land and geological storage capacity.” This observation highlights the necessity for energy companies and policymakers to recognize that strategies cannot be one-size-fits-all. The implications for the energy sector are profound, as businesses must adapt their approaches based on local resources and technological capabilities.
As the study explores scenarios with restricted access to certain CDR technologies, it raises critical questions about energy systems and land use. In the Low CCS scenario, for instance, reliance on DACCS diminishes, which could alleviate some pressure on energy systems but shift the burden onto land resources. This shift could have commercial ramifications, particularly for sectors reliant on land-intensive practices.
The research also points to the cascading effects of CDR deployment on energy, land, and materials supply chains. For instance, the demand for materials to support enhanced rock weathering could significantly impact supply chains, creating both challenges and opportunities for businesses in these sectors. “As we navigate the path to net-zero, understanding these interdependencies will be crucial for developing effective and sustainable solutions,” adds Javadi.
This study not only highlights the potential of diverse CDR technologies but also serves as a clarion call for the energy sector to innovate and adapt. By understanding the regional nuances of resource availability and technological deployment, companies can better position themselves in a rapidly evolving landscape. As the urgency to combat climate change escalates, the insights from this research could shape future investments and strategies in carbon management.
For more information on the research and its implications, you can visit the University of Virginia’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at lead_author_affiliation.
