In a groundbreaking study published in ‘Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems,’ researchers are exploring the potential of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) to revolutionize prawn farming in Bangladesh. The lead author, Md. Mehedi Alam from the Department of Fishery Resources Conservation and Management, Khulna Agricultural University, emphasizes that this innovative approach could significantly mitigate the environmental impacts associated with traditional prawn farming, which has been linked to substantial greenhouse gas emissions.
Bangladesh is a major player in the global seafood market, particularly in the farming of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). However, the environmental toll of these practices cannot be overlooked. The study reveals that freshwater prawn farms emit approximately 1.0 metric ton of CO2-equivalents per year, translating to nearly 19 kg of CO2e for every metric ton of prawn produced. These emissions contribute to the pressing issues of global warming and climate change, raising alarms within the industry.
IMTA presents a compelling alternative. By integrating various species, such as aquatic mollusks and plants, into prawn farms, this system can enhance sustainability while also providing economic benefits. “The IMTA system not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also allows for a more efficient use of resources,” Alam states. “This is crucial for the future of aquaculture in Bangladesh and beyond.”
The research highlights the dual benefits of incorporating extractive organisms into prawn farming. Aquatic plants can serve as a food source while also contributing to compost production for local agriculture, effectively closing the nutrient loop. Moreover, mollusks can provide feed for fish and livestock, creating a symbiotic ecosystem that enhances productivity across the board.
Despite its potential, the study notes that IMTA has primarily been tested with finfish in freshwater ponds, leaving a gap in research specifically focused on prawn farming. This presents an opportunity for further investigation at the farmer level, particularly in the prawn-producing regions of southwestern Bangladesh. Alam urges, “We need to understand how to effectively implement IMTA in prawn farms to maximize its benefits.”
As the energy sector increasingly seeks sustainable practices, the findings from this research could reshape the future of aquaculture and its environmental footprint. By adopting IMTA, prawn farming in Bangladesh could not only reduce its greenhouse gas emissions but also position itself as a leader in sustainable seafood production, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change.
The implications of this research extend beyond environmental sustainability; they could also influence market dynamics and consumer preferences, as more people become aware of the environmental impacts of their food choices. As the industry evolves, the integration of sustainable practices like IMTA may become essential for maintaining competitiveness in the global seafood market.
