In a groundbreaking study shedding light on the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in tropical climates, researchers have unveiled critical insights into how environmental factors influence the longevity and efficiency of these energy systems. Conducted by Md. Imamul Islam from the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, this research dives deep into the nuances of PV module degradation, particularly under the challenging conditions found in Malaysia.
The study, published in ‘Energy Conversion and Management: X’, meticulously analyzed field-aged PV modules over extended periods—eight years at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA) and ten years at Pasir Mas. Utilizing a mix of visual inspections, I-V curve measurements, and thermal imaging techniques, the research paints a vivid picture of how these modules perform as they age. “Our findings highlight the significant impact of tropical climate conditions on the electrical performance of PV modules,” said Islam. “Understanding these degradation mechanisms is crucial for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of solar energy systems.”
The results are telling. At UMPSA, the average annual degradation rates showed a modest decline in open circuit voltage (Voc) at 0.3% and a more pronounced drop in maximum power (Pmax) at 0.81%. In contrast, the Pasir Mas location experienced more severe degradation, with Voc dropping by 1.124% and Pmax by 1.276%. Notably, monocrystalline silicon panels fared better than their polycrystalline counterparts, which exhibited a staggering average power degradation of 12.76%.
What’s particularly alarming is the thermal imaging data revealing temperature discrepancies across the modules. Hotspots reached up to 11.2 °C above cooler areas in UMPSA and an even more concerning 26.1 °C difference in Pasir Mas modules. These temperature variations not only underscore the uneven heat distribution but also signal potential performance issues that could affect energy output. “The hotspots we observed can lead to significant efficiency losses,” Islam explained. “This emphasizes the need for better thermal management in PV installations.”
The implications of this research extend beyond academic curiosity; they resonate deeply with the energy sector’s push for sustainable solutions. As countries ramp up their investments in renewable energy, understanding the degradation patterns of PV modules can inform better design and manufacturing practices. By addressing these challenges, manufacturers can enhance the lifespan and efficiency of solar panels, ultimately making solar energy more commercially viable and reliable.
This research aligns with global sustainability efforts and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7, which advocates for affordable and clean energy for all. As the world grapples with climate change, studies like this one pave the way for innovations that can mitigate its impacts while promoting sustainable energy solutions.
For those interested in delving deeper into this vital research, more information can be found at lead_author_affiliation.
