A recent study published in “Frontiers in Marine Science” highlights the regulatory challenges facing the transboundary transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) streams by ships, a critical component of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) efforts. Led by Gabriela Argüello from the Department of Law, University of Gothenburg, the research delves into the complexities of legal frameworks that govern the various stages of CCS, particularly focusing on the transportation phase.
As industries strive to reduce their carbon footprints, CCS has emerged as a vital tool, especially for sectors that are difficult to decarbonize. However, the study points out that there is currently no comprehensive legal framework that addresses all aspects of CCS, which includes not only carbon capture but also transportation, injection, site closure, and post-closure management. Each of these stages is subject to different regulations, complicating the process for companies looking to implement CCS on a larger scale.
Argüello emphasizes the importance of understanding liability issues, stating, “Critical legal questions remain unanswered, such as who is liable for discharges in the marine environment during the transportation of CO2 by ships.” This uncertainty poses a significant risk for companies engaged in CCS, particularly those considering shipping CO2 across borders for sub-seabed storage. The potential for transboundary implications raises further legal questions that could hinder investment and development in this area.
The commercial impacts of these regulatory barriers are substantial. Companies in the energy sector are keen to explore CCS as a means to meet emissions targets, but the lack of clarity surrounding legal responsibilities could deter investment. The research indicates that resolving these legal ambiguities is essential for scaling up CCS initiatives and facilitating international cooperation on climate goals.
Moreover, the study highlights opportunities for regulatory innovation. By addressing the gaps in existing legal frameworks, policymakers can create a more conducive environment for CCS technologies. This could lead to increased investment in carbon capture technologies and the development of infrastructure for CO2 transportation, ultimately helping to mitigate climate change.
As the energy sector continues to evolve in response to climate challenges, understanding and addressing the regulatory landscape for CCS will be crucial. The insights from Argüello’s research not only shed light on current barriers but also pave the way for future advancements in carbon management strategies.
