Recent research led by Steffen Link from the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI has unveiled a new methodology for selecting battery cells tailored to specific mobile applications. Published in the World Electric Vehicle Journal, this study addresses the growing complexity in battery selection as the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) skyrockets, driven by the electrification of various sectors, particularly transportation.
As the global market for LIBs is projected to reach 4–6 terawatt-hours by 2030, manufacturers and cell integrators face the challenge of choosing the right battery cells from an increasingly diverse array of options. This research presents a techno-economic framework that utilizes a database of over 500 real-world battery cells, allowing decision-makers to identify the most suitable options based on cost and performance.
Link’s team focused on three distinct applications: battery electric vehicles (BEVs), industrial forklifts, and regional passenger trains. Each application has unique technical requirements, from energy density to power capability, which the new methodology takes into account. Notably, the study found that no single battery cell can serve all applications effectively due to varying cost thresholds needed for profitability. “Only a certain number of the considered battery cells are suitable for all applications,” Link stated, emphasizing the importance of tailored cell selection.
The research highlights significant variations in cost-parity prices across applications. For instance, while passenger cars require battery costs below 100 EUR per kilowatt-hour to remain competitive, industrial forklifts and trains can tolerate costs up to 750 EUR and 950 EUR per kilowatt-hour, respectively. This presents a commercial opportunity for battery manufacturers to innovate and optimize their products for specific markets.
Moreover, the study underscores the ecological implications of battery selection. Different chemistries, such as Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) and Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC), exhibit varying lifetimes and environmental footprints. This insight allows manufacturers to make more informed choices that align with sustainability goals while maximizing economic viability.
By employing this new cell selection methodology, manufacturers and cell integrators can better navigate the trade-offs between technical specifications and cost considerations. “Our analysis is a valuable decision-support tool for manufacturers and cell suppliers,” Link remarked, pointing out the potential for this framework to drive innovation and efficiency in the energy sector.
As the electrification trend continues to accelerate, the findings from this research offer a roadmap for optimizing battery use across various applications, ultimately contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and fostering a more sustainable energy landscape. The methodology not only aids in selecting the right battery for the job but also positions companies to capitalize on the growing demand for efficient and eco-friendly energy solutions.