Recent research led by Victor Vega-Garita from the School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Costa Rica, in collaboration with the Computational Engineering and Analysis Research Group at Turku University of Applied Sciences, has unveiled a new methodology for optimizing battery energy storage systems (BESS) paired with photovoltaic (PV) solar plants. Published in “Energy Conversion and Management: X,” this study addresses a critical challenge in the renewable energy sector: ensuring stable power output while maximizing the economic viability of energy storage solutions.
As the world moves towards a greener energy landscape, the integration of PV plants with energy storage is essential for managing the intermittent nature of solar power. The proposed four-step methodology provides a systematic approach to determine the optimal sizing of BESS, taking into account both the cycling and calendar aging effects of batteries. This is particularly important as battery degradation can significantly impact performance and replacement costs over time.
The research focuses on two types of lithium-ion batteries: Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC). The team simulated a 16.3 MW PV plant to test their methodology. Findings revealed that an LFP-based BESS with a capacity of 2.5 MWh and a rated power of 1.25 MW could maintain stable power output, with variations below 10% of the rated capacity 98% of the time. In contrast, while the NMC-based BESS was effective in reducing non-compliance with power availability standards, it came at a higher cost due to the need for more frequent battery replacements.
Vega-Garita emphasizes the importance of this research for the energy sector, stating, “The methodology and results presented in this paper provide valuable insights for designing cost-effective and reliable energy storage solutions in PV plants.” This research not only enhances the reliability of solar power generation but also offers significant commercial opportunities. By optimizing battery sizing, energy providers can improve their operational efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards, thus enhancing their competitiveness in the growing renewable energy market.
As energy stakeholders increasingly seek sustainable solutions, the insights from this study pave the way for more efficient and economically viable PV and BESS integrations. The findings are particularly timely, as global investments in renewable energy continue to rise, creating a fertile ground for innovations that can drive the transition to a more sustainable energy future.