Recent research published in ‘IEEE Access’ has explored an innovative approach to carbon dioxide (CO2) decomposition using cold plasma technology, particularly focusing on negative corona discharge. Conducted by S. Samroeng from the School of Electronic Engineering at the Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand, this study aims to enhance carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies while addressing air pollution concerns.
The research highlights the use of specially designed copper electrodes with pointed triangular tips, paired with an aluminum ground plate, to achieve impressive results in CO2 decomposition. Under optimal conditions, the team recorded a maximum CO2 decomposition efficiency of 96.44% when operating at a specific electric field strength and an airflow rate of 40 liters per minute. This level of efficiency indicates a significant advancement in the technology that could potentially be scaled up for industrial applications.
However, the process does come with challenges. The decomposition of CO2 also produces byproducts, including ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which can pose environmental risks. The study found ozone levels reaching 8.4 parts per million and nitrogen oxides at 34 parts per million. This relationship between electric field intensity, CO2 decomposition efficiency, and byproduct generation is crucial for future applications, as it underscores the need for careful management of byproducts in commercial settings.
One of the key findings of the research is that higher concentrations of CO2 can enhance decomposition efficiency while simultaneously reducing the formation of byproducts. This suggests that the technology could be particularly effective in environments with high CO2 emissions, such as industrial facilities or urban areas with significant air pollution.
The implications of this research are substantial for the energy sector. As industries increasingly seek to reduce their carbon footprints and comply with stringent environmental regulations, technologies like negative corona discharge could provide a viable solution for capturing and repurposing CO2 emissions. The scalability of this technology presents commercial opportunities for companies looking to invest in cleaner production methods and CCUS strategies.
Samroeng emphasizes the potential of this technology, stating, “This research demonstrates the potential of corona discharge plasma, with its low-temperature operation and scalability, as a promising tool for advancing Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage technologies.”
As the energy sector continues to evolve towards sustainability, advancements like these could play a pivotal role in mitigating air pollution while harnessing CO2 for productive use. The findings from this study not only contribute to the scientific understanding of CO2 decomposition but also pave the way for practical applications that could benefit both the environment and the economy.
