Recent research conducted by T. Varshney from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Sharda University has made significant strides in enhancing the stability of islanded microgrids, which are increasingly important as the world shifts towards renewable energy sources. Published in the journal ‘Scientific Reports’, this study addresses a critical challenge faced by these microgrids: maintaining frequency stability amidst fluctuating energy demands and variable power outputs from distributed generating units (DGUs).
Islanded microgrids operate independently from the main power grid, making them vulnerable to frequency instability due to unstable loads and the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. To tackle this issue, Varshney’s team designed a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, a well-established control strategy in engineering. The research involved creating a model of the islanded microgrid that integrates various DGUs along with a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). This integration is crucial as it allows for the smoothing of power output, thereby enhancing stability.
The study utilized a first-order plus time delay (FOPTD) model to simplify the analysis of the system’s behavior. This model is particularly advantageous because it allows for straightforward control design and analysis, making it easier for engineers to implement in real-world applications. The PID parameters were determined using the Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) method, noted for its effectiveness in set point tracking and load disturbance rejection. Varshney emphasized the advantages of this method, stating, “The CHR method for load disturbance rejection for 20% overshoot emerges as the preferred choice over other discussed tuning methods.”
This research has commercial implications for the energy sector, particularly as companies and municipalities look to adopt more resilient and efficient energy systems. The ability to maintain frequency stability in islanded microgrids can lead to greater reliability in energy supply, which is essential for both residential and industrial users. As the demand for renewable energy solutions grows, the findings from this study could pave the way for advancements in microgrid technology, enabling smoother integration of renewable sources and enhancing energy security.
Moreover, the validated effectiveness of the proposed PID control method, supported by real-time simulations and comprehensive data, presents an opportunity for energy companies to adopt these techniques in their operations. By improving the stability and efficiency of microgrids, this research not only contributes to the technical field but also supports the broader transition towards sustainable energy systems. As the energy landscape continues to evolve, studies like Varshney’s are critical in shaping the future of energy management and distribution.
