A recent study published in the Ain Shams Engineering Journal has introduced innovative strategies to enhance the performance of solar-powered electric vehicles, particularly in urban environments where shading can significantly impact energy capture. Led by Marwa Ben Said-Romdhane from the Université de Tunis El Manar and the Université de Gabès, this research addresses a critical challenge for the growing electric vehicle market: the disparity between available photovoltaic (PV) power and the energy required to operate these vehicles.
As cities continue to grow and evolve, urban shading—caused by buildings, trees, and other structures—can hinder the efficiency of solar panels. This can lead to a reliance on energy storage systems, which, while necessary, pose their own set of challenges, including the need to maximize their lifespan and ensure the safety of both the vehicle and its occupants. The research team has developed a novel approach to control PV power converters using an adaptive control strategy that optimizes power capture even in shaded conditions. This method adjusts the maximum power point tracking algorithm dynamically, which is crucial when vehicles encounter areas with reduced sunlight.
In addition to the control strategy, the study proposes a decentralized energy management system that enhances the operational efficiency of energy storage components. This system autonomously allocates signal frequency to various storage units, determines how much energy can be shed from secondary systems based on available power, and manages the activation and deactivation of these systems in real-time. As Ben Said-Romdhane noted, “These strategies not only improve energy efficiency but also ensure that solar vehicles can operate safely and effectively in urban settings.”
The implications of this research are significant for the energy sector and the automotive industry. By optimizing the performance of solar-powered vehicles, manufacturers can enhance the appeal of electric vehicles to consumers who are increasingly concerned about sustainability and fuel costs. The ability to operate effectively in urban environments could lead to a broader adoption of solar technology in transportation, potentially transforming how cities approach mobility and energy consumption.
Extensive simulations conducted using Matlab, along with real-time testing on the OPAL-RT platform, have demonstrated the effectiveness of these methodologies. The promising results indicate a step forward in making solar-powered vehicles a more viable option for everyday use, particularly in densely populated areas where shading is a common issue.
As the demand for eco-friendly transportation solutions continues to rise, the findings from this study present a valuable opportunity for stakeholders in the energy and automotive sectors to invest in technologies that enhance the functionality and efficiency of solar vehicles. The research not only contributes to the advancement of solar technology but also aligns with global efforts to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable urban mobility.