Recent research published in the Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture highlights the potential of seaweed extracts to enhance the germination and growth of blackgram seeds, a staple pulse crop. Led by Pachuau Lalruatfeli from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, the study explores innovative extraction methods using natural and commonly available organic liquids such as water, vinegar, fermented buttermilk, and cow urine, aiming to promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Seaweed has gained attention in agriculture due to its rich content of phytohormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin, which are known to stimulate seed germination and improve plant resilience. Traditionally, seaweed extracts have been obtained using organic solvents like ethanol and methanol, but this research seeks to utilize more accessible and environmentally friendly alternatives.
The study examined three different seaweed species: Caulerpa racemosa, Gracilaria edulis, and Sargassum wightii. The findings revealed that while there was no significant variation in seed germination across the different seaweed species, the extracts from fermented buttermilk and water notably improved germination rates and enhanced both shoot and root growth at concentrations between 0.1% and 5%. However, the research identified a hormetic response, indicating that while low concentrations of these extracts can promote growth, higher concentrations (5% and above) may be toxic.
Lalruatfeli noted, “The hormetic response by blackgram to the seaweed extract was observed starting at an average of 2% concentration with toxicity at 5% concentration.” This insight is crucial for farmers and agricultural producers looking to optimize crop yields while minimizing the use of synthetic fertilizers.
Interestingly, the study also revealed that vinegar and cow urine extracts exhibited toxicity even at lower concentrations, suggesting that these may not be suitable for enhancing seed germination. Instead, the researchers recommend using water and fermented buttermilk extracts at concentrations between 0.5% and 1% for optimal results.
The implications of this research extend beyond agriculture. As the global push for sustainable practices continues, the energy sector could explore opportunities in bioenergy production using seaweed as a feedstock. Seaweed farming not only contributes to carbon sequestration but also offers a renewable resource for biofuels and bioproducts. By integrating agricultural practices with energy production, stakeholders can promote a circular economy that benefits both food security and energy sustainability.
With the increasing interest in regenerative agriculture, the findings from this study provide a pathway for farmers to enhance crop production while adhering to environmentally friendly practices. This research underscores the potential of seaweed extracts to transform agricultural methods and presents a significant opportunity for innovation in the energy sector.
